{"id":1513,"date":"2023-08-01T11:21:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.minyakmas.com.my\/?page_id=1513"},"modified":"2023-08-15T23:17:53","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T23:17:53","slug":"2a-freedom-of-expression","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/2a-freedom-of-expression\/","title":{"rendered":"2a: Kebebasan Bersuara"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1513\" class=\"elementor elementor-1513\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7078abd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7078abd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca90693\" data-id=\"ca90693\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f5b5f0 elementor-pagination-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"3f5b5f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;dots&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 1\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1A.png\" alt=\"1A\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ba2ebf\" data-id=\"0ba2ebf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f96b61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f96b61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2a: Kebebasan Bersuara<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-00d8996 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00d8996\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3aa7481\" data-id=\"3aa7481\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41f624e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41f624e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Mukadimah<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b0834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25b0834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Federal Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression in Malaysia but also allows limits set by Parliament, largely relating to public order and national security. Over the years, the ruling party since Independence has kept adding to this legal arsenal, ostensibly in the interest of maintaining ethnic and religious harmony, but really to increase its grip on political power.<\/p><p>The small window of freedom opened by the reformist Pakatan Harapan government that was elected to power in May 2018 was soon shut after an internal coup in February 2020. As the volatile political situation heats up with more jostling for power through new political alliances in the state and federal governments, there has been a slew of renewed threats against freedom of expression, including the increased weaponizing of repressive laws to harass, intimidate, and silence dissenting voices.<\/p><p>The ensuing government under Perikatan Nasional\u2019s Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yasin declared a national emergency and suspended Parliament in January 2021, then enacted a draconian law ostensibly to combat fake news\u2014both actions were purportedly necessary to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Parliament was only reconvened seven months later following pressure from all levels of society, right up to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.<\/p><p>Ordinary citizens have been at the receiving end of the state\u2019s arbitrary tactics to restrict freedom of expression, as evidenced by the multiple investigation papers opened to investigate netizens over social media posts that are critical of the government, royalty, or politicians. The authorities have repeatedly cited the pandemic as a pretext for curbing peaceful assemblies, despite organizers taking pains to enforce mask-wearing, social distancing, and other preventive health measures.<\/p><p>This regressive trend continues under the current government led by Barisan Nasional\u2019s Dato\u2019 Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob, who was appointed prime minister following Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yasin\u2019s resignation over losing majority support in Parliament.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e7471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0e7471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><b>1: <u class=\"D-jZk\">Legal Framework on Freedom of Expression <\/u><\/b><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06269e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06269e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"viewer-5pc15\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 _40ACk public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\">For a country that aspires to be a developed nation by 2025, Malaysia should be confident enough to commit to democratic principles based on respect for universal human rights and freedom of expression, assembly, and speech. It is high time the government initiates a programme of legislative reform to harmonize the legal framework with Malaysia&#8217;s international human rights obligations by doing the following:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e21c8fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e21c8fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1. Immediately end the intimidation, harassment, and sanctioning of journalists, human rights defenders, and other civil society actors in Malaysia who exercise their right to speak out, dissent, and demand accountability from the state.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2. Implement an immediate moratorium on the use, and move towards the repeal, of laws that suppress freedom of expression.<\/strong><\/p><p>Examples are the Sedition Act 1948, the Official Secrets Act (OSA) 1972, the Printing Presses and Publications Act (PPPA) 1984&#8230;<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/amend-abolish-suppressive-laws-to-empower-freedom-of-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>(Lew Guan Xi, Proposal 2A-1)<\/em><\/a><\/p><p>&#8230;as well as Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act (CMA) 1998, which penalizes comments that cause any person&#8217;s annoyance, and Section 114A of the Evidence Act (Amendment) (No. 2) 2012.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/satire-is-not-a-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>(Bilqis Hijjas, ReformARTsi, Proposal 2A-2)<\/em><\/a><\/p><p><strong>3. Reform or amend Section 504 and 505(b) of the Penal Code, which have overly broad provisions criminalizing speech that leads to a breach of &#8220;public peace&#8221; and &#8220;public tranquillity.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/satire-is-not-a-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>(Bilqis Hijjas, ReformARTsi, Proposal 2A-2)<\/em><\/a><\/p><p><strong>4. Reform the Universities and University Colleges Act (UUCA) 1971 in regards to students&#8217; freedom of expression.<\/strong><\/p><p>Public universities in Malaysia should aspire to cultivate the highest levels of intellectual discourse by nurturing critical thinking and encouraging open debate, unfettered by narrow moralistic values and religious or political doctrines. Societies and faculties of public universities in Malaysia should be allowed to organize talks, debates, and other campus events without arbitrary oversight or risk of cancellation. There should be clear guidelines pertaining to the chain of command in universities, and a transparent system that determines who is authorized to cancel an event and on what grounds.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/university-discourse-should-be-free-and-transparent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>(Bilqis Hijjas, ReformARTsi, Proposal 2A-3)<\/em><\/a><\/p><p><strong>5. Develop a concrete timeline and plan of action towards the immediate ratification of international human rights treaties.<\/strong><\/p><p>In particular, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).<\/p><p><strong>6. Only restrict freedoms of speech and assembly if there is a legal basis for it and it is absolutely necessary and in compliance with human rights norms. <\/strong><\/p><p>As we continue to navigate COVID-19 responses and other crises, any restrictions to our constitutional freedoms of speech and assembly must:<\/p><ol><li>have a legal basis;<\/li><li>comply with human rights norms and international human rights standards;<\/li><li>be based on absolute necessity and not be arbitrary in nature; and<\/li><li>be reviewed constantly to ensure that all actions taken are proportionate to the sole objective of stalling the spread of COVID-19 or other crises.<em>(Wathshlah Naidu &amp; Nalini Elumalai, Policy Town Hall Meeting, 2 October 2021)<\/em><\/li><\/ol><p>7.<strong> Focus on education and dissemination of public information countering fake news.<\/strong><\/p><p>Follow the example set by the Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, instead of focusing on criminalization and persecution. Make fact-checking websites easily accessible.<\/p><p><em>(Lew Guan Xi, Policy Town Hall Meeting, 2 October 2021)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fee89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fee89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><b>2: <u class=\"D-jZk\">Progressive Information Regime<\/u><\/b><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f60639 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f60639\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The right to information reflects the fundamental premise that all information held by the state and related governmental institutions is, in principle, public and may only be withheld or restricted if there are legitimate reasons, such as for the purposes of state security or privacy.<\/p><p>There must be a basic guarantee of open and transparent access to information held by public authorities. Any measures to restrict access to information must be legal, necessary, proportionate, and timebound. Before restricting access to information and criminalizing its disclosure, a substantial harm test should always be administered to prove that the disclosure of the information would cause substantial harm to a legitimate aim, which may justify non-disclosure.<\/p><p><em>(Wathshlah Naidu, Policy Town Hall Meeting, 2 October 2021)<\/em><\/p><p><strong>8. Review and amend the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 to broaden the scope of immunity.<\/strong><\/p><p><em>(Arief Hamizan, Policy Town Hall Meeting, 2 October 2021)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb0611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4eb0611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><b>3: <u class=\"D-jZk\">Enabling Environment to Promote Media Freedom<\/u><\/b><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4114032 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4114032\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The media must be able to function independently and without fear of negative repercussions for publishing or disseminating information and ideas, including those critical of the government, as part of their duty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83b7972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83b7972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"viewer-ef9l0\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>9. Enact a right to information law without further delay and abolish secrecy laws that suppress expression. <\/strong> <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-4vaum\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>10. Drop all investigations into and pledge to stop all acts of intimidation against the media and journalists.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-fjsee\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong> 11. Move ahead with the establishment of the proposed Malaysian Media Council. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">The Council will act as a transparent and independent self-regulatory body for the industry. <\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/amend-abolish-suppressive-laws-to-empower-freedom-of-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">(Lew Guan Xi, Proposal 2A-1)<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p><p id=\"viewer-e5hif\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"> <strong>12. Repeal the PPPA and Section 233 of the CMA. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-e3khm\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/amend-abolish-suppressive-laws-to-empower-freedom-of-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">(Lew Guan Xi, Proposal 2A-1)<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p><p id=\"viewer-2egnb\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"> The PPPA gives sweeping discretion to the Minister of Home Affairs to ban publications without due regard for legitimacy and has created a chilling environment for print media. Section 233 of the CMA criminalises \u201cimproper use of network facilities or services\u201d. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-8elg8\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>13. Adopt and implement the UN Plant of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity and other related Council resolutions. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Do this in consultation with key stakeholders. <\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><em>(Nalini Elumalai, Policy Town Hall Meeting, 2 October 2021)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e6d4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9e6d4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><b>4: <u class=\"D-jZk\">Censorship<\/u><\/b><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0599147 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0599147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Review, reform and align the regulatory framework on censorship which often conflicts with artistic creative expression and creates a stifling environment for arts practitioners.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-645773e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"645773e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"viewer-8tcgf\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>14. Do not censor publicly accessible artistic content; instead, regulate them with content ratings. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">The content ratings should be classified according to age, and be based upon a single set of clear and explicit guidelines consistent with international standards. The ratings should be self-applied and made public by the artists involved, rather than requiring onerous and time-consuming licensing. Penalties should be imposed only upon defaulters. This will allow local audiences to opt in voluntarily with informed consent about the material that they choose to consume. <\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/malaysian-audiences-should-be-empowered-to-choose\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">(Bilqis Hijjas, ReformARTsi, Proposal 2A-4) <\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p><p id=\"viewer-53d9u\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>15. Review and amend all licensing systems and legal frameworks to reduce the burden on artistes. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Remove all undue burden upon local artistes, including restrictions on their creative capacity and requirements that pose additional financial burdens and severely limit freedom of expression, such as the Entertainment (Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur) Act 1992 and Film Censorship Act 2002. <\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/performances-should-not-be-censored-by-city-council\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">(Bilqis Hijjas, ReformARTsi, Proposal 2a-5; Arief Hamizan, Policy Town Hall Meeting, 2 October 2021)<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p><p id=\"viewer-821sg\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"> <strong>16. Form an independent, professional, transparent and accountable body of qualified industry members, artistes and civil society to regulate films. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">The decisions of this independent regulatory body can also be challenged in court.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6293be1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6293be1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><b>5: <u class=\"D-jZk\">Potential of Arts in Human Development<\/u><\/b><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae1b99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eae1b99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"viewer-7b21j\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">The arts should be prioritised in the national agenda and recognised as an important element of personal, community and national development rather than viewed as merely an economic tool. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-52hun\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>17. Recognise the rights of artists and protect their freedom of expression. 18. Develop a contemporary arts and culture policy. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">Start with developing a roadmap based on inclusive, diverse consultation with a broad range of stakeholders, and implement the policy via effective programmes and incentives. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-fhin\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>19. Give funding support to institutions involved in the development of the arts and culture. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">This includes both public and private institutions, as well as community projects. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-brq64\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"><strong>20. Set up formal channels for funding support and a mechanism to provide for the social security of freelance artists. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">This includes establishing a national registry of artists.<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-b30kk\" class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\"> <strong>21. Allocate resources to expand arts education in the national education system, from primary up to tertiary levels. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"xVISr Y9Dpf OZy-3 lnyWN public-DraftStyleDefault-block-depth0 fixed-tab-size public-DraftStyleDefault-text-ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/arts-as-priority-in-the-national-agenda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><span class=\"B2EFF public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\">(June Tan, ReformARTsi, Proposal 2A-6)<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2a: Freedom of Expression Preamble The Federal Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression in Malaysia but also allows limits set by Parliament, largely relating to public order and national security. Over the years, the ruling party since Independence has kept adding to this legal arsenal, ostensibly in the interest of maintaining ethnic and &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/2a-freedom-of-expression\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">2a: Kebebasan Bersuara<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1513","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1513"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4431,"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1513\/revisions\/4431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manifestorakyat.my\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}